派生詞專練

名詞篇

1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)改為復數(shù)

a.一般加s;

b. 以s,x, sh, ch結尾的名詞，加es;

c.以“輔音字母加y”結尾的名詞，變y為i, 加es;

d.以fe,f結尾的部分名詞，變fe,f為ves; 如thief, wife, shelf, self, knife, half, leaf, wolf, life, scarf等；gulf, roof, safe只加s；

e.以-o結尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es，否則加-s構成復數(shù)。
（有生命的加es，無生命的加s）





讀音變化：加讀[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes;
potato→potatoes;

反例：
piano→pianos（外來詞）;
photo→photos; (縮寫詞)， radio→radios(縮寫詞)

f.單復數(shù)形式一致：means, deer, Japanese, sheep,Chinese

g.合成詞的復數(shù)：

以“可數(shù)名詞+介詞(短語)”構成的復合名詞變復數(shù)時，把名詞變復數(shù)；如father─in─law→fathers─in─law;

以“動詞/過去分詞+副詞”構成的復合名詞變復數(shù)時，在詞尾加s;如grown─up→grown─ups.

h.不規(guī)則變化

goose→geese    foot→feet    tooth→teeth   man→men    woman→women

child→children    mouse→mice    ox→oxen  

練習：寫出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式

German ___________            child ____________       mouse____________      foot____________   

tooth____________             box___________      dish ___________        stomach________     

hero____________              tomato____________   potato____________       wife____________

goose____________              man____________    baby____________        watch_________

wolf____________            eye____________    radio____________      passer─by____________   

stand─by____________           cliff____________    belief____________          zoo____________    boy____________                parent_________    American ___________      knife____________

glass____________               fox____________    leaf____________           half____________   

ship____________            month____________   week____________       club____________   

cat____________                table____________    coach____________      beach____________  

Two _______(month) ago, three_______(hero) caught four _______(thief). They made them plant some ________(potato) and _______(bamboo) in two _______( zoo). They also made their ______(wife) return the four big ______(box) with some precious _____(photo) and ________(brush) in them.

注意：常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞有：glasses（眼鏡）clothes, trousers ,scissors, instructions(說明書，使用指南)，directions(說明書)manners(禮儀/禮貌)words(話語)goods（貨物）waters(水域)arms（武器）customs（海關）等

固定搭配：make friends with（與…交朋友）, shake hands with（與…握手）, give regards to（問候）, make preparations for（做準備）, be in high spirits（情緒高漲）, burst into tears（突然哭起來）

（2）常與復數(shù)名詞連用的單詞短語

several, a few, few, many, a great/good many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of, one of等

2.不可數(shù)名詞

常見不可數(shù)名詞：housework, homework, advice, information, fun, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery，air, money, time(時間),beer, water, milk，blood等

a.無復數(shù)形式

b.無an/a

c.一般與a bit of, a little, little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of等只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞

3. 方法規(guī)則：

1.a/an/the 后加____________          2. a/an/the ＋adj. ＋后加____________

3.形容詞性物主代詞＋____________   4.形容詞性物主代詞＋形容詞＋____________

1）Smile is what gives him the ___________(determine) to love himself.

2) But the man wasn’t sitting down with a sad ___________ (express)。

3）His
_________
(curious)
made
him
wonder
about
clouds.

5.介詞后＋____________

4) Father
went
to
his
doctor
for_______
(advise)about
his
heart
trouble

6.句子缺主語，賓語，表語，填____________

5) Tight
jeans
and
trousers,
short
skirts
and
even
sensible
flat
shoes
may
all
cause
_____
(ill)

6) __________ (fail) is the mother of success.

7) __________ (honest) is the best policy.

7．判斷填名詞后，要注意用單復數(shù)。填的是主語可以看____________； 還可以看名詞前的修飾語有some, many, most of, one of, other, several, a large number of等時也常填名詞的_______。

8) I saw many ______________ (Japan) seated in the corner and reading something.

9)There
are
ten__________
(teach)
and
two
hundred
girl students
in
the
school．

10) Dr. Smith is going to pull out one of my __________
(tooth)

11) Always remember to put such dangerous things as __________
(knife) out of children’s reach.

8.判斷要填的空和后面的名詞形成所屬關系時，常填____________

12)Except
for
some
short
songs
and
poems
included
in
his
plays,
all
of
_______
(Shakespeare)
greatest
poems
are
sonnet.

13）He bought some medicine at the _______
(chemist).

9.and,or, but是做題的題眼，注意它們連接的成分前后常一致。

14）Reduce the amount of it if you suffered from restlessness or ____________ (sleep) after taking the medicine.

15）There are more visible changes in our gestures and facial __________
(express).

16) Since “Life is a stage”, we are actually all actors and __________
(act).

鞏固練習

TV is one of the greatest __________(invent) of the 20^th century.

There’s tension and ___________(anxious) from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.

Dr. Smith is going to pull out one of my_______(tooth).

Always remember to put such dangerous things as _____(knife) out of children’s reach.

There more more visible changes in our gestures and facial ______(express).

These results suggested that music ___________(appreciate) may be something that is unique to humans, according to Wallace.

Filled with _______(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.

“This freight train is a _________(reflect) of the achievements of trade,” Chairman Timmy Feng told Reuters.

Life does not throw us away just because we are disabled, or because we are disabled, or because we have problems or _________(challenge).

At some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as other family _______(member) expectations.

With the college _________(enter) examination drawing nearly, how I wish I could have a face-to-face talk with you!

In the new factory all the __________(equip) was up to date.

The father, who was angry and bothered, began tearing the magazine’s cover into small ________(piece).

She did it with a lot of help from a lot of friends and __________(volunteer).

As far as I know, two _______(thief) have been caught in our community.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and _________(inspire).

Teachers’ _________ (devote) to education should receive great respect from everyone because it benefits the development of society.

When asked to try on new coats of different colours and styles many times, few men have _________(patient) with this treatment.

Our cook’s sudden ________(announce) that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.

In _________(conclude), you must convince me of your ability before you are employed.

There was a ______(puzzle) look on her face, so I repeated the question.

The Science Museum is one of London’s splendid tourist __________(attract).

As a candidate, you must make a good _________(impress) on everyone you meet if you want to win the election.

There are ________(vary) flowers shown in the park.

My toothache is __________(bear), so I must go to see the dentist.

He won a medal for his ________(brave) in the battle, which was admirable and unforgettable.

I filled in the _________(apply) form and handed it in.

We were talking about the TV play, and his sudden ________( appear) stopped our conversation.

We should take immediate measures to stop the environment _________(pollute).

His ________(perform) did not really come up to his usual high standard.

Jackie Chan is one of the most famous ________(act) at home and abroad, and starred in lots of films.

The children were filled with __________(excite) at the thought of visiting Disneyland.

Mama has always shown great _________(devote) to her children.

They were always dropping by, usually without ___________(invite).

The _______(custom) of some European countries are quite different from ours.

In 1947, India broke away from Britain and won its _______(independent).

After work I relax myself by watching TV, listening to the radio or taking part in other forms of ___________(entertain).

Isn’t there a __________(connect) between air pollution and the increasing use of cars?

We all know that Yuan Longping is famous for his scientific _________(achieve).

Having rid the company of the heavy debts, the manager smiled with ___________(satisfy).

To our ___________(astonish), he wasn’t astonished at the ___________(astonish) news at all.

Jan slammed her fist on the desk in __________(angry).

It was her __________(encourage) and my own thinking that resulted in my slow but steady progress.

His long __________(absent) from school meant that he fell behind his fellow students.

It’s truly important that the government make relevant laws right away with the rapid ______(grow) of online shopping.

I was so awkward that I could feel my face burning with __________(embarrass) at that moment.

We will do whatever we can to save her even if her chance of __________(survive) is slim.

I rarely remember the words’ Chinese _______(translate) but often put them into the sentences to learn their meaning.

The British coal industry is facing a serious crisis that threatens its continued _______(exist).

Self-driving cars can make a __________(judge) based on information and they will certainly be a lot safer.

These measures would make a valuable _________(contribute) towards reducing industrial accidents.

Apart from many scientific papers, the scientist has written a _______(collect) of poems.

The two sides will hold another meeting next month in an attempt to reach a peaceful_________(settle).

She worked hard so that she could win her father’s_______(approve).

Jack gave a detailed _______(describe) of their newly developed program at the meeting.

People in China hold a wide________(various) of activities to honor Qu Yuan.

The reason why I put off the _________(appoint) with my doctor was that an old friend came to visit me.

Is there any _________(possible) that our football team will win the match this weekend?

Mr. Lin suffered severe_________(injury) to his legs and head, and he didn’t come to himself until two days later.

His wife did understand his real________(motivate), but she thought that it was too dangerous.

Students need to remember what they learn, recall it later and use it effectively in a wide _______(vary) of situations.

When he was little, he showed an interest in art and used to go to different __________(gallery) on weekends.

No one looks forward to making _________(arrange) for a funeral.

You are not permitted to leave here without his ________(permit).

The __________(combine) of the 50 states forms the United States of America.

First aid is a very important step in the _______(treat).

Later they may give ________(perform) in pubs or clubs.

This should be a true national movement that needs the _________(participate) of every citizen.

The school bus was donated to them by a motor company and they received _______(donate) from other companies as well.

The famous__________(cycle) practices cycling every day and that’s why she has won the gold medal in the 16^th Asian Games.

She always prefers tea to coffee because she has a __________(prefer) for tea.

He is trying his best to do as he is required though he thinks it hard to meet the _________(require）.

His ________(explain) helped me understand it better.

To tell you the _________(true), I’m grateful for your helping me fill in the forms.

I am well prepared for the coming exam as I have done a lot of _______(prepare).

The use of _________against the attackers led to more ________ clashes. (violently)

Some flowers are reflected in the river and the _________(reflect) is very beautiful.

People’s environmental _________(aware) has increased over the years.

All the ______ can apply in person or by letter and should hand in their ______ before May 5^th. (apply)

He was ________ and he treated them with _____ and thoughtfulness. (generously)

We shouldn’t laugh at the _________(disable). Instead, we should help and care about them.

I want to express my sincere _________(congratulate) on your entering the key university.

Since the boss gave his ______(approve), the workers have decided to have a journey for relaxation.

Much to the customers’___________, the company is trying to satisfy their needs. (satisfy).

Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________(patient).

Molly is more of a giver than a _________(receive).

It is said these books are designed to develop the __________(imagine) of the children.

Do you have any way to measure the _____(deep) of the lake?

Nowadays, many factories have to make _________(adjust) to the new policy about protecting the environment.

The law will be put into __________(operate) next month.

After a big fire, his house lay in ruins but he refused to accept any ________(donate).

Organizers are making final ________(prepare) for next week’s 50^th anniversary of our company.

After all the _________(require) have been met, students receive their degree in that major.

People of different __________ have different __________ customs(race).

Being colour-blind, Mr Yang can’t make a __________(distinct) between red and green.

The gunman will not escape __________(punish).

What you have told me may make a _________(differ) to my own position.

This development was only possible with the ________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.

Then, handle the most important tasks first so you will feel a real sense of __________(achieve).

Erica Kenney, a ______(science) at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, planned to look into the amount of sugary drinks.

When you are faced with challenges, you should believe that ________(confident) is what makes a difference.

The university is very famous, so there were a lot of ________(apply) for the position.

The villagers were saved in the earthquake thanks to the proper __________(predict).

Follow the ________(instruct) when you operate the machine.

The _______(discover) of a child’s body in this river has shocked the community.

This book demanded all you _______(concentrate).

The room which was so dark stood firmly in the ___(dark) when the earthquake happened.

The snake was alive because of the ____(warm) of the farmer’s body.

As a good ________, he wins the __________ in most cases. (compete)

A month after her ______ into the university, she fell ill. (admit)

At that time, he became ill and he came to meet the foreign guests’ ________(weak).

It is very important to teach their children how to deal with others’ kindness and _________(rude).